Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentences are sentences discussing factual implications or hypothetical situations and their consequences.
In writing conditional sentences, we may put the “IF CLAUSE” before the RESULT CLAUSE” and vice versa.
However, we must put comma (,) at the end of the “RESULT CLAUSE” if the “IF CLAUSE” is put before the “RESULT CLAUSE”.
Also, the meaning of the fact must be on the contrary with the conditional sentences. So, if the conditional sentences is in positive form, the fact will be in negative one and vice versa.
There are three types of Conditional Sentences:
Verb form in “IF CLAUSE” Verb form in ”RESULT CLAUSE” Meaning
I. Present Tense Future Tense Real in present / future
II. Past Tense Past Future Unreal in present / future
III. Past Perfect Past Future Perfect Unreal in past

Conditional Sentences type I:
Form: If + present tense, will-future
Examples:
• If I have a screwdriver of the proper size, I’ll fix your bicycle
• If he has a sharp razor, Jack will shave today
Conditional Senteces type II:
Form: If + Past Tense, Conditional I (would+infinitive)
Examples:
• If I had enough time now, I would write to my parents.
Fact: I do not have enough time now, so I do not write to my parents.
• If you did not invite him, He would not come to your party
Fact: He will come to your party, because you invite him.
Conditional Sentences type III:
Form: If + Past Perfect, Conditional II (would + have + Past Participle)
Examples:
• If you had told me about the problem, I would have helped you.
Fact: you did not tell me about the problem, so I did not help you.
• I would not have got wet yesterday if I had remembered to take umbrella with me yesterday.
Fact: I got wet, because I did not remember to take my umbrella with me yesterday.
Present Tense
Pattern: Subject + Verb I + Object
The use of Present Tense:
1. General Truths
The Present Tense is used to express general truths.
Example: Jakarta is in Indonesia
2. Habitual Action
The Present Tense is used express a habitual action.
Eexample: I get up everyday at five o’clock
3. Now (an action ishappening/nothappening now)
Sometimes speaker use the Present Tense to express the idea that an actionis happening or not happening now.
Example: I am here now
Past Tense
Pattern: Subject + Verb 2 + Object
The Past Tense can be used:
1. To express the idea that an action started and finished at a spesific time the past
Examples: Last year, I travelled to London
2. To lista series of completed action in the past.
Example: I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim
3. With a duration which starts and stops inthe past. A duration is a longaction often used with expressions like “for two years,” “for five minute,” “all day” or “all year.”
Example: I lived in America for three years
Past Perfect
Pattern: Subject + Had + Verb 3
The use of Past Perfect Tense:
1. The Past Perfect Tense is the past equivalent of the Present Perfect
Example: He had lost his case on the bus
2. The Past Perfect Tense can be used with since, for, and always, for an action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished.
Example: Nadia had lived in a cottage ever since she was born
3. The Past Perfect Tense is also the past equivalent of the Simple Past Tense.
Example: I just poured my self a glass of coffee when the phone rang.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ichwan Suyudi, and Sri Widiati. 1996. Bahasa Inggris I. Jakarta: Gunadarma
F.A. Soeprapto, and Mariana Darwis. 2006. Linked to The World 2. English for Senior High School Grade XI. Jakarta: Yudhistira